the international phonetic alphabet (ipa) is an academic standard that was created by the international phonetic association. ipa is a phonetic notation system that uses a set of symbols to represent each distinct sound that exists in human spoken language. it encompasses all languages spoken on earth.

a guide to writing systems and languages, with useful phrases, tips on learning languages, multilingual texts, and much more.

learn russian online with our free russian language lessons. includes russian audio, grammar, vocabulary, alphabet, verbs, pronunciation and exercises.

york university is a top ranked international teaching and research university. we prepare our students for their long-term career and personal success.

manufacturer and distributer of ultrasound tongue imaging (uti), electropalatography (epg), electroglottography (egg), nasometry, anemometry, speech analysis and pronunciation software.